Cervical cancer screening programs and vaccinations make cervical cancer a preventable cancer type
Cervical cancer (cervical cancer, cervical cancer) is the eighth most common type of cancer among women in our country. Professor of Gynecologic Oncology Surgery, who emphasized that screening programs have been developed since 2001 in order to reduce deaths caused by cervical cancer. Dr. Ates Karateke "With the development of vaccines for human papillomavirus (HPV) infection which caused this cancer, the cervix has been a disease that we can prevent cancer and save the patient with early diagnosis. In particular, in the last decade there has been a need to update the cervical cancer screening with a better understanding of the pathogenesis of cervical cancer, the development of HPV tests and vaccinations. The American Cancer Society and the American Cervical Pathology Association have updated the cervical cancer screening recommendations published in 2006 with some changes in 2012 ", warning the public about the changing screening times.
The objective in ideal screening is; to identify high-risk lesions for cervical cancer
"Today's current cervical cancer screening strategies can not reduce cancer risk. However, trying to catch up with all the cervical cancer cases that can develop can cause many patients to be treated unnecessarily, thus causing these patients to be harmed. " Dr. Karateke, "Most HPV infections; transient, self-healing and does not cause real cancer-leading lesions. The ideal screening strategy should identify and treat high-risk lesions from these lesions, which may progress to cancer. Most of the cases are performed smear test very unnecessarily very often. According to these test results, transient HPV infections are considered very much and are going to treatment, unnecessary psychological trauma is being created or future reproductive potential is riskier.
Emphasizing the importance of accurate information to patients, Prof. Dr. Karateke "Many people are uncomfortable with this situation and they may think that they are underdiagnosed-treated when they know that they are abandoning the annual smear scan. In order to be enlightening in this regard, it is useful to examine the blood-based, new cervical cancer screening program. "
Under 21 years Scanning is not recommended.
Between 21-29 years 3-year follow-up smear
Between 30-65 years Recommended: smear and HPV test every 5 years
Acceptable: smear every 3 years
Over 65 years If CIN 2 or higher pathology has not been observed in the past 20 years and the successive smear test results in the last 10 years are clean or 2 consecutive smears and the HPV test is clean, the screening may be interrupted.
Gynecologic Oncology Surgery Specialist Professor. Dr. Some of the titles that draw attention from Ates Karateke's statements are as follows:
Cervical cancer screening is not recommended because it is rarely seen under 21 years of age. Studies have shown that patients under the age of 21 who are exposed to abnormal results in smear tests are unnecessarily exposed to interventional procedures and that they lead to significant complications such as cervical stenosis (cervical stenosis) and premature birth in the long term.
It was stated in the old guideline that it should be started in the third year after the first sexual intercourse. Today, the first sexual intercourse is not a precaution in this sense.
According to the new guideline, it is suggested that the scanning be started at the age of 21 and smear test every 3 years until the age of 30 years.
For women aged 30 years or older, smear test and HPV test should be applied together and if they are negative, it is recommended to repeat at 5 years intervals until 65 years old.
Smear testing at 3-year intervals may also be acceptable if HPV testing is not available.
In the past 20 years, screening can be terminated in women aged 65 years who do not have a premalignant lesion (CIN 2 and above) for their cervical cancer screening.
Although the HPV vaccine has not yet been introduced into the vaccination program by the Ministry of Health, it has been widely used worldwide in recent years, including in our country. These vaccines only prevent cervical cancer associated with HPV-16 and HPV-18. Although these two types of viruses are most commonly encountered in cervical cancer, there are other types of HPV that cause cancer. Therefore, the screening program for women who have had HPV vaccination does not change.
In addition to these recommendations from the new guideline, many countries have developed a screening program for cervical cancer according to their socioeconomic conditions. T. C. According to the screening program announced by the Ministry of Health in 2012, a Pap smear test or HPV test, which is repeated every 5 years, starting at the age of 30 and ending at the age of 65, when the national standards of our country are considered, is eligible for cervical cancer screening.
The screening strategies recommended with the new guideline apply only to the general population and are only guidelines for the physician. A cancer story, such as those with some viral infections, can not be applied for disease that requires more strict follow-up due to high risk. For each patient, the doctor will combine his / her experience with these recommendations and determine the appropriate method.
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